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    题名: 專利對企業生產效率的貢獻 ─ 以中國產業為例
    Measuring the Contribution of the Patents to Total Factor Productivity at the Firm Level ─ Evidence from China Industries
    作者: 黃泓溥
    贡献者: 胡偉民
    黃泓溥
    关键词: 專利註冊
    全要素生產力
    半參數估計
    Patent application
    Total factor productivity
    Semiparametric estimation
    日期: 2016
    上传时间: 2016-09-01 23:43:49 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 本文回顧文獻對於企業知識資本累積影響生產效率的見解，探討知識資本存量衡量，與企業生產效率評價。並以 Olley and Pakes (1996) 的三階段半參數估計法修正過去對於知識資本影響生產效率評估時未考慮生產力估計會面臨的聯立性和選擇偏誤問題，並結合知識資本生產函數的假設，估計生產力與知識資本累積的影響效果。 利用2001年至2007年中國工業企業數據庫交通運輸設備製造業、電器機械製造業與資訊與電信設備製造業的資料結合中國國家知識產權局專利註冊紀錄，得出專利註冊權的持有一定程度反映企業的知識資本累積成果，且對於全要素生產力有正向且統計顯著的影響，但其影響隨著時間經過而衰退，且衰退的速度隨產業而不同。 專利註冊權也不僅僅代表企業知識資本累積的成果，知識產權作為生產要素投入的一種，也同時是企業排除競爭對手和創造市場障礙的手段，這個結果與我們對於產業內專利註冊權累積的估計結果相吻合。 根據我們的實證結果，未來政府若要從事產業創新活動的獎勵應避免單純增加市場障礙，且無益於企業知識資本累積的政策，改善市場環境和增加競爭程度仍是增進企業生產效率最重要的因素。
    This study aims to explore the relationship between the patent activity and the production efficiency of the manufacturing firms in China industries. After reviewing the main concepts of measuring production efficiency and knowledge capital, I use a 3-stage semiparametric estimator developed by Olley and Pakes (1996) to solve selection bias and endogeneity problems in order to derive the actual productivity at firm level. In addition, combining the data of patent applications documented by SIPO with the financial information of the enterprises in three different industries documented by NBS, I form a seven year long panel to regress each firm’s productivity on its patent stock and several control variables. The estimation result shows that the number of patents has positive but moderate impact on the firm’s total factor productivity. This positive effect becomes weaker as time goes by, which implies the patents attained earlier become outdated; however, the decaying process of the effect differs across the industries. Furthermore, the patent property, as an indicator of innovation activities, not only reflects firm’s level of knowledge capital but also creates legal barriers obstructing opponents to use patented technologies. As a result, a high level of patent granted at industry level leads to a lower productivity. In conclusion, the study suggests that the government set up the patent law carefully and ensure adequate competition to boost productivity at industrial levels.
    參考文獻: 中文部份

    (一)、期刊論文
    楊志海、陳忠榮 (2001). 「創新活動的投入、產出與效率--科學園區內外高科技廠商的比較」，臺大管理論叢，11 (2)，129-153。
    聶輝華、江艇、楊汝岱 (2012)，「中國工業企業資料庫的使用現狀和潛在問題」，世界經濟，5，142-158。
    謝千里、羅斯基、張軼凡 (2008)，「中國工業生產率的增長與收斂」，經濟學(季刊)，7(3)，809-826。

    (二)、網際網路
    中華人民共和國國家知識產權局，國家智慧財產權局統計年報 (1985 – 2014) ，上網日期105年6月1日，檢自： http://www.sipo.gov.cn/tjxx/


    英文部份

    I. Journal articles
    Beveren, I.V. (2012). “Total factor productivity estimation: A practical review.” Journal of Economic Surveys, 26(1), 98-128.
    Blundell, R., and Bond, S. (2000). “GMM estimation with persistent panel data: an application to production functions.” Econometric Reviews, 19(3), 321-340.
    Crépon, B., Duguet, E., and Mairessec, J. (1998). “Research, innovation and productivity: an econometric analysis at the firm level.” Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 7(2), 115-158.
    Ericson, R., and Pakes, A. (1995). “Markov-perfect industry dynamics: A framework for empirical work.” The Review of Economic Studies, 62(1), 53-82.
    Farrell, M. J. (1957). “The measurement of productive efficiency.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General), 120(3), 253-290.
    Griliches, Z. (1979). “Issues in assessing the contribution of research and development to productivity growth.” The Bell Journal of Economics, 92-116.
    Griliches, Z. (1991). “The search for R&D spillovers.” National Bureau of Economic Research. No. w3768
    Hopenhayn, H. A. (1992). “Entry, exit, and firm dynamics in long run equilibrium.” Econometrica, 1127-1150.
    Hu, A. G., Jefferson, G. H., and Jinchang, Q. (2005). “R&D and technology transfer: firm-level evidence from Chinese industry.” Review of Economics and Statistics, 87(4), 780-786.
    Jaffe, A. B., Trajtenberg, M., and Henderson, R. (1993). “Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citations.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 577-598.
    Janz, N., Lööf, H., and Peters, B. (2003). “Firm level innovation and productivity-is there a common story across countries?” ZEW Discussion Paper. No. 03-26.
    Jovanovic, B. (1982). “Selection and the evolution of industry.” Econometrica, 649-670.
    Katila, R., and Ahuja, G. (2002). “Something old, something new: A longitudinal study of search behavior and new product introduction.” Academy of Management Journal, 45(6), 1183-1194.
    Lach, S. (1995). “Patents and productivity growth at the industry level: A first look.” Economics Letters, 49(1), 101-108.
    Levinsohn, J., and Petrin, A. (2003). “Estimating production functions using inputs to control for unobservables.” The Review of Economic Studies, 70(2), 317-341.
    Li, X. (2012). “Behind the recent surge of Chinese patenting: An institutional view”. Research Policy, 41(1), 236-249.
    Marschak, J., and Andrews, W. H. (1944). “Random simultaneous equations and the theory of production.” Econometrica, 143-205.
    Nesta, L. (2008). “Knowledge and productivity in the world’s largest manufacturing corporations.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 67(3), 886-902.
    Olley, G. S., and Pakes, A. (1996). “The dynamics of productivity in the telecommunications equipment industry.” Econometrica, 64(6), 1263-1297.
    Solow, R. M. (1957). “Technical change and the aggregate production function.” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 312-320.
    Wang, C. and Kafouros, M. I. (2009). “What factors determine innovation performance in emerging economies? Evidence from China.” International Business Review, 18(6), 606-616.
    Zheng, J., Bigsten, A., and Hu, A. (2009). “Can China’s growth be sustained? A productivity perspective.” World Development, 37(4), 874-888.

    II. Internet Resource
    World Intellectual Property Organization, IP Statistics Data Center, Retrieved 3, June, 2016, from: http://ipstats.wipo.int/ipstatv2/index.htm
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    財政學系
    103255001
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103255001
    数据类型: thesis
    显示于类别:[財政學系] 學位論文

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