| Reference: | 一、官方資料
Australian National Security, 2015, “Sources of Funding for the IMU”,<https://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/Listedterroristorganisations/Pages/IslamicMovementofUzbekistan.aspx>, (accessed 2016/4/11)
Bureau of Counterterrorism, 2015, “Country Reports on Terrorism 2014”, U.S. Department of State, p5. <www.state.gov/documents/organization/239631.pdf>, (accessed 2015/12/16)
Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, 2013, “2012 Human Rights Reports: Russia”, U.S. Department of State, <http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2012/eur/204331.htm>, (accessed 2016/5/13)
Federal Security Service, <http://www.fsb.ru/fsb/npd/terror.htm>, (accessed2015/12/17)
McGlinchey, Eric, 2013, “Violent Extremism and Insurgency in Central Asia: A Risk Assessment”, U.S. Agency for International Development, <http://mason.gmu.edu/~emcglinc/CAR_Regional_VEI%20Assessment.pdf>, (accessed 2016/3/10)
Office of the Spokesman, 2011, “U.S. Department of State, Press Releases: May 2011”, <http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/05/164312.htm>, (accessed 2015/12/16)
Powell, Colin, 2009, “Joint Press Conference with President Islam Karimov”, U.S. Department of State,<http://2001-2009.state.gov/secretary/former/powell/remarks/2001/dec/6749.htm>, (accessed 2016/2/2)
Roemer, Timothy, 2015, “The FBI: Protecting the Homeland in the 21st Century”, Federal Bureau of Investigation, <https://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/protecting-the-homeland-in-the-21st-century>, (accessed 2016/5/23)
The Bureau of Public Affairs, U.S. Department of State, 2005, “Country Reports on Terrorism 2005”, <http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/65462.pdf>, (accessed 2016/2/1)
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2012, “The use of the Internet for terroristPurposes”, (New York: United Nation), (accessed 2015/09/18)
United Nation Security Council, 2011, “Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions1267 (1999) and 1989 (2011) concerning Al-Qaida and associated individuals and entities”, <https://www.politsei.ee/dotAsset/200978.pdf>, (accessed 2015/12/17)
United States Census Bureau, 2015, <http://www.census.gov/population/international/>, (accessed 2016/3/16)
U.S. Department of State, 2011, “2010 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices”, <http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/>, (accessed 2016/4/6)
United States Department of State, 2014, “Country Reports on Terrorism 2013”, Bureau of Counterterrorism, <http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/225886.pdf>, (accessed 2016/4/12)
US Department of Defense, 2004, A Military Guide to Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century, US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADC), (Amazon Digital Services LLC)
中華人民共和國外交部，「中俄簽署睦鄰友好合作條約」，<http://www.mfa.gov.cn/chn//pds/ziliao/tytj/t11111.htm >，（檢閱日期：2016/5/30）
「中吉俄哈塔五國元首比什凱克聲明」，2006年，人權網，<http://www.humanrights.cn/cn/dhyhz/lhsm/t20060904_145542.htm>,(檢閱日期：2016年4月13日)。
俄羅斯全國人口普查網站，<http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm >，（檢閱日期：2016年2月5日）
二、中文部分
（一）書籍
王逸舟主編，《恐怖主義溯源》(北京:社會科學文獻出版社，2002年)。
中國現代國際關係研究所反恐怖研究中心編著《國際恐怖主義與反恐怖鬥爭》（北京：時事出版社，2001年）。
李偉、楊明杰，《國際恐怖主義與反恐怖主義鬥爭》(北京:時事出版社，2001年)。
Earl Babbie著，李美華、孔祥明、李明寰、林嘉娟、王婷玉、李承宇譯，《社會科學研究法》(台北市：石英出版社，2000年)。
祝基瀅，《政治傳播學》，（台北：三民書局，1986年）。
葉至誠，《研究方法與論文寫作》（台北：商鼎出版社，1999年）。
劉青建，《當代國際關係新論》(北京：清華大學出版社，2004年)。
（二）期刊專文
王立新、宋曉霞，「突破困境：從俄羅斯轉軌以來公共危機管理看反危機措施」，《東北亞論壇》，第19卷，第1期，（2010年），頁105-114。
方鵬程，「總體戰爭時期與冷戰時期的宣傳戰」，《復興崗學報》，第98期，（2010年），頁51-78。
李玉珍，「車臣事件與俄羅斯聯邦的民族問題」，《問題與研究》，第34卷，第8期，（1995年），頁35-46。
李銘義，「反恐議題與主權維護－上海合作組織研究」，《二十一世紀評論》，第117期，（2010年），頁29-37。
林泰和，「國際恐怖主義研究結構、策略、工具、資金」，《問題與研究》，第47卷，第2期，（2008年），頁138-139。
邱瑞惠，「當全球科技遇上在地政府與文化：俄羅斯意識形態下的網際網路管制探討」，《外國語文研究》，第19卷，（2013年），頁59-78。
邱延正，「中亞恐怖主義與反恐作為的回顧與前瞻」，《戰略安全研》，第23卷，（2008年），頁27-31。
許可人，「車臣問題的歷史因素與現實困境」，《廈門大學：國際關係學報》，第6卷，第12期，（2014年），頁170-171。
連弘宜，「俄中在上海合作組織反恐機制下合作之研究」，《第五屆恐怖主義與國家安全學術暨實務研討會》，中央警察大學恐怖主義研究中心，（2009年），頁185-196。
張文燦、余會學，「烏茲別克伊斯蘭運動概況及對中亞地區的影響」，《新疆大學學報》，第30卷，（2002年），頁22-24。
張雅君，「中共反恐外交的實踐與成效之分析」，《中國大陸研究》，第48期，第1卷，（2005年），頁8。
張家棟、沈丁立，「恐怖語境下的恐怖主義」，《世界經濟與政治》，第12期，（2003年），頁15-19。
傅仁坤，「中亞反恐情勢與發展—以上海合作組織反恐舉措為例」，《中亞反恐現況與展望學術會議，清雲科技大學歐亞研究中心》，（2006年），頁13-33。
劉兆隆，「政策溝通與政策行銷的理論及實務」，《理論與實務》，第129期，（2011年），頁14-25。
劉勇為、崔啟明，「俄羅斯反恐的國際合作」，《俄羅斯研究》，第6期，（2008年），頁46-53。
蔣莉，「第二次車臣危機的背景、影響與發展趨勢」，《世界民族》，第2期，（2000年），頁40-43。
三、英文部分
（一）、專書
Ariely, Gil, 2008, Knowledge Management, Terrorism, and Cyber Terrorism, (New York: Yurchak Printing Inc)
Drake, C.J.M, 1998, Terrorists’ Target Selection, (U.K.: MaCmillan Press Ltd)
Dunlop, John, 2002, Russia Confronts Chechnya: Roots of a Separatist Conflict, (Cambridge University Press)
Easton, David, 1965, A Framework for Political Analysis, (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc)
Harold, Lasswell, 1927, Propaganda technique in the world war, (New York: Peter Smith)
Hahn, Gordon M, 2012, “The Caucasus Emirate Jihadists: The Security and StrategicImplications,” in Stephen J. Blank, ed., Russia’s Homegrown Insurgency: Jihad in the North Caucasus (Carlisle Barracks, PA: U.S. Army War College Strategic Studies Institute)
Heywood, Andrew, 2002, Politics (2nd edition), (Hampshire & New York: Palgrave)
Jowett, Garth & O’Donnell, Victoria, 1999, Propaganda and Persuasion, (Thousand Oaks: Sage. Publications)
Kovach, Bill, 2007, The Elements of Journalism, (Three Rivers Press, New York)
Kohlmeier, Kristine and Nekbakhtshoev, Navruz, 2011, Internet Libel Law and Freedom of Expression in Tajikistan, (Michigan State University Press)
Li, Charlene and Bernoff, Josh, 2008, Groundswell: Winning in a world transformed by social technologies, (Harvard Business Review Press)
Malley-Morrison, Kathleen and McCarthy, Sherri and Hines, Denise, 2014,International Handbook of War, Torture, and Terrorism, (New York: Spiner)
McNair, Brian, 1995, An Introduction to Political Communication, (London & New York: Routledge)
Pratkanis, Anthony and Aronson, Elliot, 2001, Age of Propaganda: The Everyday Use and Abuse of Persuasion, (New York: W. H. Freeman and company)
Purpura, Philip, 2006, Terrorism and Homeland Security: An Introduction with Applications, (Butterworth-Heinemann)
Ranney, Austin, 2001, Governing: An Introduction to Political Science, 8th Edition. (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall)
Rashid, Ahmed, 2002, Jihad: The Rise of Militant Islam in Central Asia, (New Haven: Yale University Press)
Sageman, Mar, 2008, Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the Twenty-First Century, (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press)
Simon, Gerhard, 1991, Nationalism and Policy Toward the Nationalities in the Soviet Union: From Totalitarian Dictatorship to Post-Stalinist Society. (Boulder: Westview Press)
Safko, Lon and Brake, David, 2009, The social media bible: Tactics, tools, and strategies for business success. (New Jersey: John Wiley)
Weber, Larry, 2009, Marketing to the Social Web: How Digital Customer Communities Build Your Business, (John Wiley & Sons)
（二）、期刊專文
Amble, John, 2012, “Combating Terrorism in the New Media Environment”, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Vol. 35, Issue 5, pp. 339-353.
Ba, Sulin, 2001, “Establishing online trust through a community responsibility system”, Decision Support Systems, Vol. 31, Issue 3, pp. 323–336.
Boyd, Danah and Ellison, Nicole, 2007,“Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship”, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Volume 13, Issue 1, pp. 210-230.
Batal ,Murad, 2014, “Islamist North Caucasus Rebels Training a New Generation of Fighters in Syria”, Terrorism Monitor, Volume 12, Issue 3, pp. 3-9
Bowe, Brian, Freedman, Eric, Blom, Robin, 2012, “Social Media, Cyber-dissent, and Constraints on Online Political Communication in Central Asia”, Central Asia & the Caucasus, Vol.13, No.1, pp. 144-152.
Conway, Maura, 2006, “Terrorism and the Internet: New Media—New Threat?”, Parliamentary Affairs, Vol.59, No.2, pp. 283-298.
Chedia, Beka, 2011, “The new media and transformation of the public political sphere in Georgia”, Central Asia and the Caucasus, Vol. 12, Issue. 4, pp. 143-150.
Dunlop, John, 2000, “How Many Soldiers and Civilians Died During the Russo-Chechen War of 1994-96?”, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 32-34.
Forest, James, 2012, “Criminals and Terrorists: An Introduction to the Special Issue,” Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 171-179.
Hoerdegen, Zhanna, 2011, “The Future of Internet Media in Uzbekistan: Transformation from State Censorship to Monitoring of Information Space since Independence”, in After the Czars and Commissars: Journalism in Authoritarian Post-Soviet Central Asia by Eric Freedman and Richard Schafer, (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, April 2011), pp. 99-121.
Ishengoma, R Fredrick, 2013, “Online Social Networks and Terrorism 2.0 in Developing Countries”, International Journal of Computer Science and Network Solutions, Vol.1, No.4, pp. 57-68.
Imamova, Navbahor, 2015, “Social Media and Online Public Debate in Central Asia”,Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, Vol.23, No.3, pp. 359-376.
Kaplan, Andreas & Haenlein, Michael, 2010, “Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media”, Business Horizons, Vol. 53, Issue. 1, pp. 59-68.
Kulikova, Svetlana and Perlmutter, David, 2007, “Blogging Down the Dictator? The Kyrgyz Revolution and Samizdat Web- sites,” International Communication Gazette, Vol. 69, No. 2, pp. 29-50
Kane, Gerald, 2015, “Social Media’s Expanding Relationship Universe”, MIT Slone Management Review, <http://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/social-medias-expanding-relationship-universe/>, (accessed 2016/4/7)
Lasswell, Harold, 1934, “Propaganda, in E. R. A. Seligman & A. Johnson (eds.)”, Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 12, pp. 521-528.
Nikolayenko, Olena, 2015, “Youth Media Consumption and Perceptions of Electoral Integrity in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.”, Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 257–277.
Obydenkova, Anastassia, 2008, “Regime transition in the regions of Russia: The freedom of mass media: Transnational impact on sub-national democratization.”, European Journal of Political Research, Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 221-246.
Pan, Bo-iun & Tu, Wei-chun, 2005, “Contending an Islamic Identity in Central Asia: Islamist Movements vs. State Control”, (4th Taiwan Central Asia Forum), pp 158-160.
Qin, Jialun ; Zhou, Yilu ; Reid, Edna, 2007, “Analyzing Terror Campaigns on The Internet: Technical Sophistication, Content Richness, and Web Interactivity”, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, Vol. 65, issue 1, pp. 71-84.
Rashid, Ahmed, 2001, “The Fires of Faith in Central Asia”, World Policy Journal, Vol. 18, No.1, pp. 45-55.
Raacke, John, & Bonds-Raacke, Jennife, 2008, “MySpace and Facebook: Applying the Uses and Gratifications Theory to Exploring Friend-Networking Sites”, CyberPsychology & Behavior, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 169-174.
Rothaermel, Frank & Sugiyama, Stephen, 2001, “Virtual internet communities and commercial success: individual and community-level theory grounded in the atypical case of TimeZone.com”, Journal of Management, Vol. 27, No.3, pp. 297-312.
Rollberg, Peter and Laruelle, Marlene, 2015, “The Media Landscape in Central Asia: Introduction to the Special Issue”, Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, Vol.23, No.3, pp. 227-232.
Smith, James and Thomas, William, 1998, “The Real Threat from Oklahoma City: Tactical and Strategic”, The Journal of Conflict Studies, Vol.18, No.1,pp. 119-138.
Shamsuev, Magomed-Emi, 2012, “Russia’s Information Security in the Northern Caucasus: Problem and How to Settle Them”, Central Asia and the Caucasus, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 94-106.
Shafer, Richard and Freedman, Eric, 2003, “Obstacles to the Professionalization of Mass Media in Post-Soviet Central Asia: a case study of Uzbekistan”, Journalism Studies, Vol.4, No. 1, pp. 91-103.
Tsuladze, Lia, 2014, “Civic Engagement via Social Media in Georgia”, Caucasus Analytical Digest, Issue 61, pp. 6-8.
Weimann, Gabriel, 2004, “How Modern Terrorism Uses the Internet”, United States Institute of Peace, Special Report 116, pp. 2-11.
四、網路資料
Antonova, Maria, 2015, “Russia`s Caucasus Islamists `pledge allegiance` to IS”, Digital Journal, <http://www.digitaljournal.com/news/world/russia-s-caucasus-islamists-pledge-allegiance-to-is/article/436666>, (accessed 2016/2/12)
Alejandro, Jennifer, 2010, “Journalism in the Age of Social Media”, Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, <https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/Journalism%20in%20the%20Age%20of%20Social%20Media.pdf>, (accessed 2016/5/19)
Avedissian, Karena, 2015, “Mobilizing in a Non-Democracy: The Anatomy of the Krasnodar Environmental Movement”, Academic Swiss Caucasus Net, <http://www.academia.edu/17296914/Mobilizing_in_a_Non-Democracy_The_Anatomy_of_the_Krasnodar_Environmental_Movement>,
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Amnesty International, 2013, “Turkmenistan an Era of Happiness or More of The Same Repression?”, <https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/16000/eur610052013en.pdf>, (accessed 2016/4/7)
Achilov, Mirzo-Bobir, 2015, “Special: Current State of Social Networks in CA.”, The PLUS research & Consulting, <https://pulsofcentralasia.org/2015/05/31/special-current-state-of-social-networks-in-ca-by-mirzo-bobir-achilov/>,(accessed 2016/4/9)
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Amburn, Brad, 2009, “What They’re Reading: Chechnya’s Literary Pyre”, Foreign Policy, <http://foreignpolicy.com/2009/10/29/what-theyre-reading-chechnyas-literary-pyre/>, (accessed 2016/5/12)
Berger, J.M. and Morga, Jonathon, “The ISIS Twitter Census”, The Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World Analysis Paper, No. 20, March 2015. Available from:<http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2015/03/isis-twittercensus-berger-morgan/isis_twitter_census_berger_morgan.pdf>
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